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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A ACER - Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators Amsterdam Forum The Sustainable Energy Forum. The Amsterdam Forum serves as an arena to discuss the latest EU policy developements in renewable energy and energy efficiency issues. The Forum has been organised by SenterNovem under the authority of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy and Transport and the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs. The Forum's objectives are: - To develop the European Union's energy policy in a way that contributes to the objectives of sustainability, increased competitiveness and security of supply. - To provide opinions on any Commission's initiative in the field of renewable enery sources (RES) and energy efficiency ((EE), including transport) policies. The basis for the work of the Forum would be the different directives and Commission documents on these topics. - To serve as an observatory and monitoring assistance centre for those policies. - To help facilitate the interaction and integration of RES/EE in concrete applications in supply and demand. - To help define corrective measures to solve the problems/concerns associated to the RES access to the grid. - To assist the Commission in organising and analysing debates and other not above mentioned actions in the framework of RES/EE policies. - The Forum is expected to provide the Commission with opinions and/or reports at the request of the Commission. website: http://www.senternovem.nl/AmsterdamForum/index.asp ANROC - Association Nationale des Régies de services publics et des Organismes constitués par les Collectivités locales ou avec leur participation. website: www.anroc.com ASEME - The Association of Electricity Companies (ASEME) located in Barcelona brings together 43 electric power distribution and supply companies of Spain. website: www.aseme.org B BEUC - Bureau Européen des Unions de Consommateurs (European Consumers' Organization). website: www.beuc.org C CBP - Common Business Practices (CBPs) are standard procedures and/or protocols aommonly used in the gas industry in Europe and recommended by EASEE-gas for adoption by all relevant industry players to simplify and streamline business processes across the whole of Europe.
Once CBPs are developed in the groups they are presented to the Executive Commitee (ExCom) to consider. If they are agreed, the CBPs are issued to the membership for final comments. The final CBPs are then presented to the ExCom for approval and, if necessary, to a General Meeting of Members for ratification (see also EASSE-gas). CBT - Cross Border Tarification CEDEC - Confédération Européene des Distributeurs d'Energie Publics Communaux, (European Federation of Local Public Energy Distribution Companies, - founded in 1992 with seat in Brussels). website: www.cedec.com CEER - Council of European Energy Regulators; The CEER is a non-profit association which brings together the independent national energy regulators from the Member States of the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA).
The CEER acts as a focal point for contacts between national energy regulators and is their interface at a European level with the European Commission, in particular DG Transport and Energy, DG Competition and DG Research, on energy issues.
The overall aim of the Council of European Energy Regulators (CEER) is to facilitate the creation of a single competitive, efficient and sustainable internal market for gas and electricity in Europe. CEER also maintains close working relations with regulatory authorities in North America and Central and Eastern Europe. website: www.ceer-eu.org CHP - Combined Heat and Power; Combined heat and power (CHP) is the simultaneous transformation of utilised energy into mechanical or electric energy and heat in a technical plant. COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION - The Council is the main decision-making body of the European Union
The ministers of the Member States meet within the Council of the European Union. Depending on the issue on the agenda, each country will be represented by the minister responsible for that subject (foreign affairs, finance, social affairs, transport, agriculture, etc.).
The presidency of the Council is held for six months by each Member State on a rotational basis.
The Council is responsible for decision-making and co-ordination
The Council of the European Union passes laws, usually legislating jointly with the European Parliament.
The Council co-ordinates the broad economic policies of the Member States.
The Council defines and implements the EU’s common foreign and security policy, based on guidelines set by the European Council.
The Council concludes, on behalf of the Community and the Union, international agreements between the EU and one or more states or international organisations.
The Council co-ordinates the actions of Member States and adopts measures in the area of police and judicial co-operation in criminal matters.
The Council and the European Parliament constitute the budgetary authority that adopts the Community’s budget. Website: http://www.consilium.europa.eu D DG TREN -- Directorate-General for Energy and Transport; (DG TREN) is a Directorate-General of the European Commission. DG TREN is in operation since 1 January 2000, it was created by merging the Directorate-General for Transport and the Directorate-General for Energy. In addition to developing Community policies in the energy and transport sectors and handling State aid dossiers, DG TREN manages the funding programmes for trans-European networks and technological development and innovation. website: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/index_en.html DG Competition – Directorate General for Competition of the European Commission; its mission is to enforce the competition rules of the Community Treaties, in order to ensure that competition in the EU market is not distorted and that markets operate as efficiently as possible, thereby contributing to the welfare of consumers and to the competitiveness of the European economy. website: http://ec.europa.eu/comm/dgs/competition/index_en.htm
Directive – (European Union directive). A directive is a collective legislative act of the European Union which requires member states to achieve a particular result without dictating the means of achievingthat result. It can be distinguished from European Union regulations which are self-executing and do not require any implementing measures. Directives normally leave member states with a certain amount of leeway as to the exact rules to be adopted. Directives can be adopted by means of a variety of legislative procedures depending on subject matter of the directive.
Directives are only binding on the member states to whom they are addressed, which can be just one member state or a group of them.
DNO – Distribution Network Operator;
DSO – Distribution System Operator E EASEE-gas – European Association for the Streamlining of Energy Exchange-gas; EASEE-gas was set up in 2002 to support the creation of an efficient and effective European Gas market through the development and promotion of Common Business Practices (CBPs) that intend to simplify and streamline business processes between stakeholders. Website: http://www.easee-gas.org
EC – European Commission -- The European Commission is a politically independent collegial institution which embodies and defends the general interests of the European Union. Its virtually exclusive right of initiative in the field of legislation makes it the driving force of European integration. It prepares and then implements the legislative instruments adopted by the Council and the European Parliament in connection with Community policies.
The Commission also has powers of implementation, management and control. It is responsible for planning and implementing common policies, executing the budget and managing Community programmes. As "guardian of the Treaties", it also ensures that European law is applied.
The Commission is appointed for a five-year term by the Council acting by qualified majority in agreement with the Member States. It is subject to a vote of appointment by the European Parliament, to which it is answerable. The Commissioners are assisted by an administration made up of Directorates-General and specialised departments whose staff are divided mainly between Brussels and Luxembourg.
Since its inception the Commission has always been made up of two nationals from each of the Member States with larger populations and one national from each of the others. However, the Treaty of Nice limited the number of Members of the Commission to one per Member State. The Constitution, which is in the process of ratification, provides for a Commission in which only two thirds of the Member States would be represented after 2014. The Members will then be selected in accordance with a rotation system based on the principle of equality. Website: http://ec.europa.eu/
ECRB – Energy Community Regulatory Board; (the Regulatory Board of the Energy Community of Southeast Europe) ECSEE – Energy Community of Southeast Europe (also known as the European Energy Community) ECT – The Energy Community Treaty. The Treaty establishing the Energy Community (also known as Energy Community South East Europe Treaty or ECSEE was signed in Athens, Greece on Octuber 25, 2005 and entered into force on July 1, 2006.
The treaty, which effectively sets up a European Energy Community, aims at establishing a singel regulatory framework for trading energy across southeast Europe, was signed by trade and energy ministers representing the European Union, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovian, Croatia, Republllic of Macedonia, Montenegro and Servia, as well as UNMIK (as Kososvo representative under Security Council resolution 1244).
The treaty covers the sectors electricity, natural gas and petroleum products.
The treaty will ensure that signatory states will adopt EU single market regulations regading energy (the EU acquis communautarie in the relevatn fields of Energy, Environment, Competition and others). website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_Community ECT – Energy Charter Treaty; the Energy Charter Treaty is an international agreement originally based on integrating the energy sectors of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe at the end of the Cold War into the broader European and world markets.
The treaty itself was signed in Lisbon in December 1994, together with a protocol on energy efficiency and related environmental aspects. The treaty came into effect in April 1998; an amendment to the trade-related provisions was also agreed that month.
Russia, the region's energy superpower, has so far failed to ratify the treaty, and as of December 2006 indicated that this was unlikely due to the provisions requiring third-party EE – Energy Efficiency EEAP – Energy Efficiency action plan. An integral part of the Third Energy Package of the EU, adopted on October 19th 2006 and confirmed on January 2007. A plan that contains energy savings actions and methods. Launched at the EU level the EEAP is designed to rsult in a NEEAP or National Energy Effciiency Action Plan, that is designed and aimed at the best possible way to result in energy savings on a national level. The EEAP covers 6 areas of concern, defined in Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realising the Potential website: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/action_plan_energy_efficiency/doc/com_2006_0545_en.pdf EEP – European Energy Policy. See: website: http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/s14000.htm
EFET – European Federation of Energy Traders; EFET is a group of more than 80 energy trading companies from 18 European countries dedicated to stimulate and promote energy trading throughout Europe. Website: http://www.efet.org/
EHW Grid – Extra high voltage grid including and above 220 kV
ENA -- Energy Networks Association, an association of transmission and distribution companies in the energy industry.
Website: http://www.energynetworks.org ENTSO - European Network of Transmission System Operators EP – European Parliament -- The EP is the legislative body of the European Union is the assembly of the representatives of the 435 million Union citizens. Since 1979 they have been elected by direct universal suffrage and today total 732, distributed between Member States by reference to their population. The European Parliament's main functions are as follows:
legislative power: in most cases Parliament shares the legislative power with the Council, in particular through the codecision procedure;
budgetary power: Parliament shares budgetary powers with the Council in voting on the annual budget, rendering it enforceable through the President of Parliament's signature, and overseeing its implementation;
power of control over the Union's institutions, in particular the Commission. Parliament can give or withhold approval for the designation of Commissioners and has the power to dismiss the Commission as a body by passing a motion of censure. It also exercises a power of control over the Union's activities through the written and oral questions it can put to the Commission and the Council. And it can set up temporary committees and committees of inquiry whose remit is not necessarily confined to the activities of Community institutions but can extend to action taken by the Member States in implementing Community policies.
The Treaty of Amsterdam (in force since 1999) boosted Parliament's powers by considerably extending the codecision procedure. The Treaty of Nice, which entered into force in 2003, also enhanced Parliament's role as co-legislator by extending the codecision procedure and granted Parliament a right to bring actions before the Court of Justice of the European Communities.
The European Constitution currently being ratified also provides for stronger powers for Parliament as co-legislator. The codecision procedure is to be extended to new areas and Parliament is to be given equal decision-making powers in budgetary matters with the Council. From 2009, the number of Members of the European Parliament may not exceed 750. Website: www.europarl.europa.eu
EREC -- The European Renewable Energy Council - the European Renewable Energy Council - is an umbrella organisation of the leading European renewable energy industry, trade and research associations active in the sectors of photovoltaic, wind energy, small hydropower, biomass, geothermal energy and solar thermal: Website: http://www.erec-renewables.org
ERGEG – The European Regulators’ Group for Electricity and Gas and is an advisory group of independent national regulatory authorities which was set up by the European Commission to assist the Commission in consolidating the Internal Market for electricity and gas.
It was set up "to give regulatory co-operation and co-ordination a more formal status, in order to facilitate the completion of the internal energy market." ERGEG provides a transparent platform for co-operation between national energy regulatory authorities, and between these authorities and the Commission. Website: www.energy-regulators.eu ERRA – Energy Regulators Regional Association; The Energy Regulators Regional Association (ERRA) is a voluntary organization of independent energy regulatory bodies of the Central/Eastern European and Newly Independent States region. Website: http://www.erranet.org/ ERI – Electricity Regional Initiatives
ESCO – Energy Service Company. A company, independent of distributors, suppliers or other such energy companies, that renders (paid) advice or related services concerning energy savings measures to end-users of energy. ESM – European Single Market ETS – Emission Trading Scheme
ETSO – European Transmission System Operators; an International Association with direct membership of 32 independent European TSO companies. Website: http://www.etso-net.org
EU – European Union -- An economic and political union established in 1993 after the ratification of the Maastricht Treaty by members of the European Community and since expanded to include numerous Central and Eastern European nations. The establishment of the European Union expanded the political scope of the European Economic Community, especially in the area of foreign and security policy, and provided for the creation of a central European bank and the adoption of a common currency, the euro. Website: http://europa.eu
EUFORES – The European Forum for Renewable Energy Sources; the European Forum for Renewable Energy Sources - is an independent, non-profit making organisation that aims to promote the use of renewable energy. EUFORES was established to pursue the target outlined in the 1994 “Declaration of Madrid” - a 15% substitution of conventional primary energy demand by renewable energy sources by 2010. Website: http://eufores.org
EURELECTRIC -- The Union of the Electricity Industry-EURELECTRIC is the professional association which represents the common interests of the electricity industry at pan-European level, plus its affiliates and associates on several other continents. The association was formed as a result of a merger in December 1999 of the sister sector bodies UNIPEDE and EURELECTRIC. Website: http://public.eurelectric.org
EUROGAS – The European Union of the natural gas industry is a non-profit international association based in Brussels which promotes gas industry co-operation and represent the European natural gas industry towards the European Union, all other relevant bodies at international level, and to public opinion. Website: http://www.eurogas.org
EuroPex – Association of the European Power Exchanges; EuroPEX is a not-for-profit association of European power exchanges that represents the interests of the exchange based wholesale markets for electrical energy with regard to developments of the European regulatory framework for wholesale energy trading and provides a discussion platform on a European level. Website: http://www.europex.org F Florence Forum -- The Electricity Regulatory Forum of Florence was set up to discuss the creation of a true internal electricity market. The participants are national regulatory authorities, Member States, European Commission, transmission system operators, electricity traders, consumers, network users, and power exchanges. The Forum convenes once or twice a year, formerly in Florence but now in Rome. The first meeting was held in 1998.
The Forum currently addresses cross border trade of electricity, in particular the tarification of cross border electricity exchanges and the management of scarce interconnection capacity. Website: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/electricity/florence/index_en.htm G GEODE – Groupment Européen des Entreprises et Organismes de Distribution d’Energie (European Group of Energy Distribution Companies and Organizations). Website: http://www.geode-eu.org
GGP OS – Guidelines of Good Practice on Open Season Procedures
GGP B -- Guidelines of Good Practice on Gas Balancing
GGP CAP – Guidelines of Good Practice on Gas Capacity Calculation
GGP EBMI – Guidelines of Good Practice on Electricity Balancing Markets Integration
GGP IMT – Guidelines of Good Practice on Information Management and Transparency
GGPOS – Guidelines of Good Practice on Open Season Procedures
GGPSSO – Guidelines of Good Practice for Storage System Operators
GIE – Gas Infrastructure Europe; GIE is the association representing gas transmission companies, storage system operators and LNG terminal operators in Europe. So GIE is the umbrella organisation for its three subdivisions : GTE - Gas Transmission Europe, GSE – Gas Storage Europe, GLE - Gas LNG Europe. Website: http://gie.waxinteractive3.com
GLE - Gas LNG Europe representing the LNG Terminal Operators (TO) Website: http://gie.waxinteractive3.com
GRI – Gas Regional Initiatives
GREEN PAPER - Green Papers are documents published by the European Commission to stimulate discussion on given topics at European level. They invite the relevant parties (bodies or individuals) to participate in a consultation process and debate on the basis of the proposals they put forward. Green Papers may give rise to legislative developments that are then outlined in White Papers.
Green Papers on entrepreneurship in Europe (2003), on demographic change and a new solidarity between the generations (2005) or, more recently on a European strategy for sustainable, competitive and secure energy (2006) are examples of topics discussed. (see also: website: http://europa.eu/scadplus/glossary/community_legal_instruments_en.htm
GREEN CERTIFICATE - A document, certified by an accountant, stating that the amount of kilowatts sold are backed by a purchase of the same amount of kilowatts using energy production from a renewable source. The Green certificate can be traded.
GSE - Gas Storage Europe representing the Storage System Operators (SSO) Website: http://gie.waxinteractive3.com
GTE -- Gas Transmission Europe representing the Transmission System Operators (TSO); Website: http://gie.waxinteractive3.com H HLG – High Level Group - The High Level Group (HLG) on Competitiveness, Energy and the Environment functions as an advisory platform bringing together the Members of the Commission for Enterprise and Industry, Competition, Energy, and the Environment as well as all relevant stakeholders. The group’s mandate is clear. It is to offer advice to policy makers, to ensure an integrated approach within these three areas and to develop closer coordination between policy and legislative initiatives. Its work takes account not just developments within the EU, but also the wider international stage. Website: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/environment/hlg/hlg_en.htm I IEA -- International Energy Agency; The International Energy Agency (IEA) acts as energy policy advisor to 26 Member countries in their effort to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for their citizens. Founded during the oil crisis of 1973-74, the IEA’s initial role was to co-ordinate measures in times of oil supply emergencies. As energy markets have changed, so has the IEA. Its mandate has broadened to incorporate the “Three E’s” of balanced energy policy making: energy security, economic development and environmental protection. Current work focuses on climate change policies, market reform, energy technology collaboration and outreach to the rest of the world, especially major producers and consumers of energy like China, India, Russia and the OPEC countries. Website: http://www.iea.org
IEM – Internal Energy Market
IERN – International Energy Regulation Network; IERN is a web platform that aims at facilitating the exchange and analysis of information concerning electricity and natural gas market regulation. Website: http://www.iern.net
IFIEC -- International Federation of European Industrial Energy Consumers; IFIEC Europe represents the interests of industrial energy users in Europe. IFIEC Europe’s objective is to anticipate and respond to the evolving requirements of intensive energy industries in view of contributing to their sustained high-performance in Europe and their competitive development in a cost-efficient business environment. Website: http://www.ifieceurope.org J K L LNG – Liquefied natural gas or LNG, is natural gas that has been processed to remove either valuable components e.g. helium, or those impurities that could cause difficulty downstream e.g. water, and heavy hydrocarbons and then condensed into a liquid at almost atmospheric pressure M Madrid Gas Forum – Barriers to the creation of a fully operational internal gas market The European Gas Regulatory Forum of Madrid was set up to discuss issues regarding the creation of a true internal gas market. The participants are national regulatory authorities, Member States, the European Commission, transmission system operators, gas suppliers and traders, consumers, network users, and gas exchanges. The Forum convenes once or twice a year in Madrid co-hosted by the Fundación de Estudios de Regulación. The first meeting was held in 1999. The Forum addressed currently cross border trade of gas, in particular the tarification of cross border gas exchanges, the allocation and management of scarce interconnection capacity and other technical and commercial. Website: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas/madrid/index_en.htm
MEP – member of the European Parliament. A person elected or appointed to represent a national party of a Member State in the EP
MS – Member State, a country being member of the EU N NRA – National Regulatory Authorities
NORDEL -- Nordel is a body for co-operation between the transmission system operators (TSOs) in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden), whose primary objective is to create the conditions for, and to develop further, an efficient and harmonised Nordic electricity market. Website: http://www.nordel.org
NORD POOL – the power exchange for the Nordic market (Norway, Finland, Sweden, Denmark). Both a regulated exchange and clearing house for electricity. Requires membership from its participating companies. Website: www.nordpool.no O OTC – Over the counter; Over-the-counter (OTC) trading is to trade financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, commodities or derivatives directly between two parties. It is the opposite of exchange trading which occurs on futures exchanges or stock exchanges P PEX – Power exchange
PSO – Public Service Obligation - Public Service Obligations (PSOs) are compulsory services the state applies to companies designed to satisfy public interests. Q R Regulation – (European Union regulation) A Regulation is a legislative act of the European Union which has a general scope, is obligatory in all its elements and is directly applicable in all Member States. Regulations constitute one of the most powerful forms of EU law and must be given immediate force of law in Member States without the need to enact implementing measures
Regulator – an – independent - body defining, supervising and maintaining the code or rules under which all activities related to a liberalized energy market (should) resort.
REM – Regional Energy Market
RES – Renewable Energy Sources S SETSO – Southeast Europe Transmission System Operators
SoS – Security of Supply
SPEGNN -- Le syndicat professionnel des entreprises électriques et gazières non nationalisées. Website : www.spegnn.com
SSO – Storage System Operator (Gas) T TEN – Trans-European Networks; They were created by the European Union with the stated goals of the creation of an internal market and the reinforcement of economic and social cohesion. Website: http://ec.europa.eu/ten
TEN-E – Trans-European Energy Networks; The Trans-European Energy Networks are integral to the European Union’s overall energy policy objectives, increasing competitiveness in the electricity and gas markets, reinforcing security of supply, and protecting the environment. website: http://ec.europa.eu/ten/energy/index_en.htm
TNO – (Electricity) Transmission Network Operator
TPA – Third Party Access; Third party access implies the regulation of the market for gas transportation. giving natural gas suppliers and customers the right to have their gas transported through pipelines that they do not own or control. The main feature of third party access is an obligation on the pipeline owner or operator to carry out a transportation service for third party shippers.
The EU, with its first Gas Directive, recognized that for competition to develop it was vital for all suppliers to have Third party access to pipelines. EU countries are now given two options on how to organize TPA:
-regulated access (TPA) is based on published tariffs and other set conditions for the use of pipelines;
-negotiated access (TPA) is based on commercial agreements between pipeline owner and other users.
Austria, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Sweden and the UK all opted to a system of regulated access. Denmark, France and the Netherlands chose a combination, while Belgium and Germany decided in favor of negotiated TPA.
TSO – (Electricity) Transmission System Operator; Transmission System Operators are responsible for the bulk transmission of electric power on the main high voltage electric networks. TSOs provide grid access to the electricity market players (i.e. generating companies, traders, suppliers, distributors and directly connected customers) according to non-discriminatory and transparent rules. In order to ensure the security of supply, they also guarantee the safe operation and maintenance of the system. In many countries, TSOs are in charge of the development of the grid infrastructure too. TSOs in the European Union internal electricity market are entities operating independently from the other electricity market players.
TSO – (Gas) Transmission system operator is the natural or legal person that operates the transmission system and holds a gas transmission license. Operation of the transmission system includes all activities carried out by the transmission system operator in connection with securing reliable transmission of gas. U UCTE -- the Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity, association of
CENTREL --TSOs of the Continental countries of Western and Central Europe.
UIOLI -- Use it or Loose it principle. V VKU – Verband Kommunaler Unternehmen (Association of Local Utilities) The Verband kommunaler Unternehmen e. V. (VKU) represents the interests of the local authority public utilities in Germany, which are organised as municipal undertakings known as Stadtwerke. Founded in 1949, this Association of Local Utilities has its headquarters in Cologne. Website: http://www.vku.de W White Paper - White papers published by the European Commission are documents containing proposals for European Union action in a specific area. They sometimes follow a green paper released to launch a public consultation process.
Commission White Papers are documents containing proposals for Community action in a specific area. In some cases they follow a Green Paper published to launch a consultation process at European level. When a White Paper is favourably received by the Council, it can lead to an action programme for the Union in the area concerned.
Examples are the White Papers on Completion of the Internal Market (1985), on Growth, Competitiveness, Employment (1993) and on European Governance (2001). More recently, the White Paper on Services of General Interest (2004) and that on a European Communication Policy (2006) have also moulded the development of Community policies.
White Certificate - a document, certified by an accountant, stating that the amount of kilowatts produced in an energy efficient way is produced at a stated percentage, or amount of kilowatts, less than could be produced in a conventional way (the baseline). The White certificate can be traded.
WFER -- The World Forum on Energy Regulation - It is an event every three years which brings together experts to share experiences in addressing key energy issues.
The CEER acts as a focal point for contacts between national energy regulators and is their
interface at a European level with the European Commission, in particular DG Transport
and Energy, DG Competition and DG Research, on energy issues.
The overall aim of the Council of European Energy Regulators (CEER) is to facilitate the
creation of a single competitive, efficient and sustainable internal market for gas and
electricity in Europe. CEER also maintains close working relations with regulatory
authorities in North America and Central and Eastern Europe.
Website: http://www.ceer- eu.org
ANROC -- Association Nationale des Régies de services publics et des Organismes constitués par les Collectivités locales ou avec leur participation. Website: www.anroc.com X Y Z
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Glossary 
